Threadworms in adults symptoms. Feb 23, 2015 · Threadworms can grow to 13 mm long.

Threadworms in adults symptoms VERMOX comes in 3 different formats; orange flavoured tablets, choc chews and banana flavoured liquid and chocolate flavoured liquid. The worms look like threads of white cotton and are about 1cm long. 5 mm long by 0. May 6, 2022 · What are the symptoms of threadworms in children? An itchy bum is the most common symptom of threadworms (also called pinworms)¹, so if you notice your child scratching their bottom more than normal, it’s highly possible that threadworms are the cause. Nov 25, 2024 · You can treat threadworms with treatments over the counter or on a prescription from a healthcare provider. Recognizing symptoms early on is vital for prompt treatment. Adults can also get threadworm. The parasite is often found in children, but can also affect adults. Many adults probably carry threadworms around inside their guts, but unless symptoms develop, are unaware of their presence. Many affected people have no symptoms. Symptoms of pinworms in adults include: Itching and irritation around the anus or vagina; Difficulty sleeping or restlessness at night; Abdominal pain; Some adults may have no symptoms associated with pinworm infection. They’re also called threadworms. Are neck threadworms seasonal? Yes, neck threadworm transmission is more common during warmer months when biting midges are most active. Occasionally, invasion of the female genital tract can occur causing inflammation of the vulva and vagina with rare inflammatory reactions occurring in the pelvis or peritoneum. I have also taken garlic. Enterobius, also known as threadworm, is an infection caused by small, white parasitic worms. Adult males of Enterobius vermicularis measure up to 2. Mar 18, 2024 · Intestinal worms can cause many symptoms, and some of these resemble the symptoms of other gut conditions. Once the eggs enter through the mouth, they hatch and the larvae develop into adult worms. They lay eggs on the skin right around the anus, which triggers itching in that area, usually at night. Nov 4, 2018 · Pinworm Symptoms – Causes Treatment Signs and Symptoms of Threadworm Infection in Kids and Adults. %PDF-1. Piperazine is an alternative medicine and can be used in children under 2 years (but over 3 months) taken in 2 doses, 14 days apart. 2. Threadworms look like thin, white, cotton threads. Sep 13, 2019 · What are the symptoms of Threadworms in adults? Symptoms of pinworm. Ultimately I think repeated doses of Ovex cured me but it did take over a year. How do you get worms? Threadworms. They’re common in children and are spread easily. For more information, see the CKS topic on Roundworm. Others experience intense itching near the anus (butthole), especially when they’re trying to sleep. Oct 5, 2024 · 2. The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. People may not notice symptoms if their health is otherwise good. Pinworms are thin and white, measuring about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (about 6 to 13 millimeters) in length. The most common type of worm is a threadworm, also called a pinworm. You can spot threadworms in your poo. Oct 16, 2024 · Threadworms . This can happen if they get threadworm eggs in their mouth. I find diet helps a bit but am desperate to know what the answer is. Jul 9, 2024 · Recognize the symptoms of a threadworm infection. The worms, which are between 2 and 13 millimeters (mm) long and resemble a piece of white Threadworms (Enterobius vermicularis) (CKS Threadworm) Threadworms is a condition that should be treated over the counter and is on the NHSE list of conditions for which OTC items should NOT routinely be prescribed in primary care. When worm infections do cause symptoms, the most common symptom is an itchy bottom at night. Nov 14, 2024 · Threadworms are small, thin, white, thread-like worms between 2 mm and 13 mm long. CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help. Symptoms of pinworm infection in children and adults. Intestinal parasites get the most attention due to the intense and discomforting symptoms they produce. So, unless steps are taken to eradicate threadworms, the infection can go on and on. But usually, if your child has a threadworm infection, they will have a very itchy bottom (NHS 2021). feeling mildly unwell. If possible, your child should have a shower on the night they have the medicine, and again the next morning to remove the eggs laid during the night. A prompt, accurate diagnosis can prevent complications. The classic symptom is a severe ‘itchy bottom’. Pinworm infection is the most common worm infection in the U. The most common symptoms of threadworm are: Itching around the anus, especially at night; Skin irritation around the anus Mebendazole - Brand names: Ovex, Vermox. You might have anal itching, especially at night. 🧪 Symptoms of threadworm. The area around the anus may be red and have scratch marks. When you call to make an appointment, ask about performing the tape test. You can treat them without seeing a GP. Mebendazole is not licensed for the treatment of threadworm in children under the age of 2 years. Dec 16, 2024 · In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. How do I know if I have threadworms? The main sign is itching around the anus, especially at night. In treating threadworm infection in a confirmed case, everybody under the roof and in that environment should be treated at the same because some people may have threadworms in them and still not show any symptoms. When there are symptoms, they vary depending on the type of infection. The most common symptom people with threadworms will have is an intense itchy bottom, particularly at night. You may spot threadworms in your poo. common symptoms include: - Intense itching and scratching in the perianal region especially at night which may lead to loss of Jun 4, 2022 · What you can do. If you do have symptoms, it is typically itching around the anus. Threadworms, also known as pinworms, are tiny parasitic worms that hatch eggs in and infect the large intestine of humans. The worms can also often be seen on bowel movements or around the anus, especially at night. Pinworms also may infect the vagina and urethra. [3] The most common symptom is pruritus ani , or itching in the anal area. Sep 9, 2024 · Signs and symptoms. For simplicity’s sake, here we’ll use the terms pinworm and threadworm interchangeably. You might also see them around your child's bottom (anus). Nov 10, 2024 · Pinworms, which are also known as threadworms, can cause your skin to become irritated. Threadworms leave your gut at night and lay eggs on the skin around your anus (bottom). Tapeworm — segments (proglottids) may be seen in the stools as single proglottids (like grains of rice) or as chains. Dec 19, 2024 · Stomach worms, also known as intestinal parasites, are a common health concern that can lead to various digestive issues and complications. The adult worms live in the lower intestine, coming out of the anus at night to lay their eggs. One thousand million individuals worldwide are infected, and threadworms are frequently seen in younger children – particularly those attending childcare and school settings. Female pinworms lay their eggs at night on the skin around the anus, which can cause the skin to itch. Common signs and symptoms include: Itching and irritation around the anus May 18, 2021 · What are the causes and symptoms of hookworm? People get hookworm by walking barefoot on dirt mixed with infected poop. The most common symptoms of parasitic infection include: 1. See what different worms look like Threadworms look like tiny pieces of white cotton. You might also see them around your child’s bottom (anus). What are signs of worms in Go back to your GP if your symptoms do not get better in 2 weeks or you keep passing live worms in your poo. How you catch worms. Most people have strong enough immune systems to keep a Strongyloides infection from causing serious illness. Other symptoms may include: Scratching can cause redness and sometimes infection around the anus. Most cases respond well to Jun 23, 2011 · I am now rid of the threadworms, and can confidently say this as I have not had symptoms for around 6 months now. Here, we discuss common threadworm symptoms, as well as symptoms to look out for with less common worm infections that can occur in more tropical parts of Australia or be brought back from overseas. The only way to eliminate the threadworm life-cycle is through good hygiene - the whole family has to wash their hands (and bottoms) regularly. The most common symptoms include: Itching and Discomfort. And whether it’s threadworms in kids or threadworms in adults, this night-time itching can cause disturbed and disrupted sleep. Can adults get threadworms? Yes, although threadworms are more common in children, adults can also be infected, especially if they live with or care for infected children. sterocralis. Jan 2, 2023 · Threadworm infection can often go unnoticed because there are often no symptoms of the condition. Threadworms (pinworms) are tiny worms in your poo. Hygiene . They look like little cotton threads, with a white colour, blunt head, and a pointed tail. 2 mm wide; adult females measure 8-13 mm long by 0. Visible signs of worms. Infection is limited to humans (animals are not affected). Can neck threadworms be cured completely? While eliminating all adult worms can be difficult, consistent deworming and management strategies can effectively control infestations and minimize symptoms. How to Identify Threadworm Infection? Identifying a threadworm infection involves recognizing the symptoms and, in some cases, physically observing the worms or their eggs. Nov 29, 2023 · Pinworms are small parasitic worms that live in a person’s colon and rectum and lay eggs around the anus. If your child has worms, make sure they: Jun 14, 2023 · Threadworm is a very common infection that occurs when tiny, thread-like worms infest the human intestine. Jan 2, 2023 · Threadworms are most common among children under 10 years of age but can also be seen in adults. A threadworm or pinworm is a small, white, ‘thread-like’ worm between 8 and 13mm long living in the upper part of the colon. Jun 23, 2022 · A pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis or oxyuriasis, is one of the most common types of human intestinal worm infections in the United States. VERMOX kills threadworms with a single dose and it’s the same dose for adults and children. This article delves into various aspects of treating threadworms, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures. Sep 1, 2023 · The signs of parasites result from the toxins that these organisms release into the human bloodstream. Apr 17, 2024 · How to treat threadworms and prevent them coming back. Some affected people may develop one or more of the following: High temperature (fever). Sebastian Kaulitzki/Shutterstock. S. Symptoms of pinworm infection are usually mild, and some people have no symptoms. May 5, 2023 · Threadworms can live in the gut for up to six weeks, during which time they can lay thousands of eggs (NICE 2023). Understanding Threadworm Infection. The good news is that threadworms can be killed with medication from your chemist. Enterobius vermicularis adult worms. May 14, 2024 · Pinworm symptoms. Wipe the bathroom regularly and all the bed Sep 4, 2023 · Strongyloides stercoralis, commonly known as threadworm, is a soil-transmitted human parasite belonging to a group of nematodes called roundworms. Part the child's buttocks and look at the opening of the anus. If children scratch their bottom, the eggs can get under their fingernails. They can take a long time to cause symptoms, so tell the GP if you have been abroad in the last 2 years. Many different types of parasites can lead to a variety of symptoms. Digestive What are the symptoms of intestinal parasites? Some infections don’t cause symptoms, so you won’t know you have a parasite. The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. But symptoms can include: itchiness around the bottom and/or vagina, which is usually worse at night; an inflamed bottom – it might look red on light skin or brown, purple or grey on dark skin; restlessness. When fully matured, they live in the colon and rectum. Threadworm symptoms. Two doses of medication is recommended – one dose to start and another dose two weeks later. Children with Aug 9, 2022 · Threadworms are spread easily within families/whānau, early childhood centres, schools and camps. Female pinworms leave the intestine through the ankus and deposit eggs on the skin around the anus while a person is asleep. When an infected person sleeps, eggs are shed onto the skin around the anus where they can survive for two to three weeks. inflammation of the vagina. Consider treating all household contacts (unless contraindicated) as threadworms are highly transmissible. Treatment is available. 7 %âãÏÓ 225 0 obj > endobj 246 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[1B1AD1BBC1FC8F40AD87501BEE516715>4D535C8F6B81B94894C99E1EBFC95870>]/Index[225 53]/Info 224 0 R May 4, 2023 · Pinworms, also called threadworms, are tiny, fairly harmless roundworms. stercoralis, therefore Nov 25, 2024 · Any symptoms or signs patient might have, specifically itch (particularly intense, nocturnal, perineal itching is common with threadworms) and if any recurrent abdominal pain; Any previous episodes of threadworm; Any sleep disturbance and irritability at night; Any symptoms of vulvovaginitis; The treatment they have already received Aug 4, 2022 · Threadworms are fine threadlike, long wrigglies that live in the gut of humans. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 24% of the world’s population contracts soil-transmitted worms. Anal itching. Threadworm parasites may be small, measuring up to 1/2 inch in length, but they pack quite a punch. This makes treating the condition and eradicating the worms more difficult, as people can Oct 16, 2024 · Threadworm is a common infection that can affect children and adults. Symptoms of threadworms in adults often aren’t very obvious and many people may not realise they have worms at all. Worms in children are very common but anyone of any age can be affected. If you cannot see threadworms in the faeces, but suspect your child has threadworms (if they have an itchy bottom), try inspecting the child's anus. Most people have no symptoms or signs of a pinworm infection. Pinworms are white, narrow worms that can Nov 29, 2024 · Threadworms are the most common type of worms, also known as pinworms that appear as white pieces of thread. If a person does, it typically itching in the perianal region. Check if it's threadworms. 3-0. It causes uncomfortable itching and worms in places you’d rather not have them. When someone scratches the itchy area, microscopic pinworm eggs transfer to their fingers. Heavy roundworm infection in children can cause nutritional problems resulting in poor growth and poor general well-being. Symptoms of threadworm infection may vary depending on age and body response. A female threadworm can lay thousands of tiny eggs around the anus or vagina. itchy bottom, especially at night. This gets worse at night. [ 7 ] These steps create a barrier against threadworm infections and enhance overall health safety. All children will experience symptoms of threadworm infestation from time to time. This can cause vaginal discharge. The name matters only a little if you are trying to treat a specific species. Most people get threadworms by swallowing the worm's eggs. Pinworm infection is an intestinal infection caused by a pinworm, seatworm, or threadworm. irritability and behavioural changes. The main thing is stop scratching though its really hard,wash everything on 60 especially night clothes,underwear. The test involves pressing the adhesive side of a piece of transparent tape to the skin around the anus of the person you suspect has pinworms as soon as the person awakens. Abdominal pain. 1-0. The symptoms depend on the types (species) of roundworm causing the infection. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. They’re about one-quarter to one-half inch long -- about the size of Nov 22, 2023 · A pinworm or threadworm infection happens when eggs transfer from the anus or contaminated surfaces to the mouth and intestine. 3. You can get infected by: Introducing our well-designed Threadworms Adults Symptoms In Powerpoint And Google Slides Cpb. What are the symptoms of intestinal threadworm infection in adult horses? Intestinal threadworm infection is a common parasitic health issue that affects horses and can have detrimental effects on their overall well-being. Recognizing the symptoms of a threadworm infection is crucial for timely treatment. Children can get threadworms again after they've been treated. Jan 9, 2025 · Pinworms are small, thin, pin-shaped worms that sometimes live in the human colon and rectum. This is when the female worms come out to lay eggs. . But if you have a weakened immune system, the worms can invade other parts of your body (disseminated strongyloidiasis), cause severe organ inflammation or bring bacteria into your bloodstream. Some people with mild infections have no symptoms at all. When threadworm eggs are swallowed, they hatch as threadworms in the gut, and later move to lay eggs on the affected child or adult’s bottom, usually at night. Treatment is recommended if threadworms have been seen or eggs detected. Common signs include: Itching Around the Anus: This is often most noticeable at night when female worms lay their eggs. In healthy adult dogs, the infection may produce only mild symptoms, but in puppies or dogs with a weakened immune system, it can be dangerous or even fatal. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth , especially in humans. What are the symptoms of threadworm infection? The main symptom caused by worms is itching in around your anus (bottom). Sometimes, pinworms can be seen around your anus or on your Nov 13, 2024 · However, adult sexual partners can transfer the eggs to each other. 5 mm wide. The sooner you can catch the infection the better, as that way you can start medical treatment and hygienic prevention measures at home as soon as possible. When these toxins accumulate in your skin, they can cause itchiness that may resemble eczema. They're common in children and spread easily. Nausea and vomiting. Reassuring your child that whilst unsightly, threadworm infection isn't harmful and is very common, will put little minds at rest. What is pinworm? How to identify signs symptoms of Pinwormw Jul 1, 2024 · Worms: signs and symptoms. This PowerPoint design presents information on topics like Threadworms Adults Symptoms. Unfortunately, repeat threadworm infection is very common. Pinworm infection (threadworm infection in the UK), also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. The bad news is that the medicine won't kill their eggs. Symptoms of Threadworm Infection. Threadworms are the most common type of worm infection in the UK, and they are particularly common in young children under the age of 10. The most common way people get threadworms is by swallowing the worm’s eggs; Threadworms leave your gut at night and lay eggs on the skin around your anus (bottom). Threadworm infections are surprisingly common, especially in children aged 5 to 10 years. Symptoms of intestinal parasites include: Diarrhea. Other causes of perineal and vulval itch include dermatitis, candidal infection, pubic lice, and haemorrhoids. About one to two months later, adult female pinworms leave the large intestine through the anus (the opening where bowel movements come out). If someone does have symptoms, the signs may include: Anemia, when you don’t have enough red blood cells, making you feel tired and weak. As it is predesigned it helps boost your confidence level. Gas and gas pain. They look like pieces of white thread. A pharmacist can help with threadworms. It causes itching. Nov 27, 2024 · Threadworm symptoms may still be experienced for a couple of days until the worms begin to die. Feb 2, 2023 · What is Strongyloides hyperinfection?. adult worms can sometimes be seen in the faeces, and eggs may be seen clinging to the skin around the anus. In the UK and Australia, threadworms can also refer to Enterobius species and S. Why do adults get Threadworms? Causes of threadworms A threadworm infection is passed from person to person by swallowing threadworm eggs. Threadworm eggs take around 2 weeks to hatch. Most infections are treatable with several doses of medication. In conclusion, understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, causes, risk factors, treatments, and prevention of threadworms is crucial for maintaining good health. They infect human guts (intestines). Eventually I started to wonder if it wasn’t threadworms at all but something else - a kind of thrush or fungal infection? I tried taking thrush medication and my symptoms stopped completely and for a while I thought I’d shaken it for good, but alas, several weeks later the bastard itching started up again and is now worse as it ever was. The female threadworm also releases mucus, which can cause an itchy bottom. Pinworms, Threadworms, Enterobiasis, Oxyuriasis, Pinworm disease, Threadworm infection, Enterobiosis. You can buy medicine (mebendazole) for threadworms from pharmacies. Feb 1, 2024 · Children are particularly vulnerable to infection with threadworms due to their hygiene habits. This can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and complications, including protein loss, swelling, pica (eating nonfood substances), and weight loss. Girls can get itchy around their vagina, too¹. How to detect May 30, 2019 · Whilst many people are embarrassed about threadworms, chances are that most of us have experienced an outbreak at some point. Here, we discuss common threadworm symptoms, as well as symptoms to look out for with less common worm infections that can be brought back from overseas. If one person in your family/ wh ā nau has threadworms, others probably do too. Worms are mainly spread in small bits of poo from people with a worm infection. Most species of pinworm and threadworm are susceptible to the same treatments. Most threadworm infections won’t cause any symptoms at all. These worms live in the large intestine and rectum of humans and adult worms can survive for five to six weeks. [1] S. Humans are the only host of threadworms. Adult males have a blunt posterior end with a single spicule; females possess a long pointed tail. It also makes you a better presenter because of its high-quality content and graphics. When symptoms do occur they can include an itchy bottom, particularly at night Feb 20, 2024 · Symptoms. In adult horses, the symptoms of this infection may vary, but there are several key indicators to watch out for. When I started this war I was very heavily infested, due to ignoring symptoms for at least a year. To prevent threadworms, encourage children to wash their hands regularly. If you’re worried about your child picking up threadworm or you’re wondering whether you might have it yourself, then you’ve come to the right place. Seek advice from an infectious disease specialist if unsure about treatment. Is it common for adults to have worms? Feb 9, 2023 · Roundworm symptoms. Threadworms are rarely confused with other types of worm infestation because of their specific appearance. In both sexes, there are cephalic expansions. Jan 24, 2006 · Just to say that I have been through the medical system and referred to the tropical hygeine hospital who just laughed at me and didn't help. Although prevalent almost worldwide, except only in the far north and south, the global burden of this parasitic infection is still underestimated because of the unavailability of precise data from endemic areas. Children, in particular, may be embarrassed or even afraid to talk about their symptoms. What are the symptoms of a pinworm infection? About a third of infected people don’t experience symptoms. How are Threadworms Spread? Threadworms spread easily via tiny eggs (too small to see without a microscope). 📝 Ways in which you can get threadworm. Some infected people have difficulty sleeping or restlessness. Parasitic roundworms of the genus strongyloides (known colloquially as threadworms) can live in both dogs and humans. The adult threadworms are about 1 cm long and white in color. Jun 20, 2020 · The treatment involves medication as well as being hygienic enough to wipe out the eggs from the environment to avoid re-infection. Pinworm or threadworm symptoms, causes and treatments. The most common symptom is itching around the anus Treat all the family members at the same time, even if they aren’t showing any symptoms. Symptoms include anal itching or vaginal itching. Females may get itching in and around the vagina. X Research source This is because pinworms leak toxins into your blood. Aug 5, 2024 · Hookworms can cause anemia from blood loss. Educating children and adults about the risks of threadworm infections and the importance of maintaining good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of these parasites. You could also have stomach pain, nausea, or vaginal itching. Threadworms are white and look like small pieces of thread. Bloating. Treatment for threadworms. Nov 28, 2024 · Any eggs that are swallowed then hatch and grow into adult worms in the gut. Feb 23, 2015 · Threadworms can grow to 13 mm long. And to make matters worse, threadworms can live for up to 6 weeks! They are more common in children, but adults can suffer with them too. Symptoms of threadworms. Nov 27, 2023 · Apart from itching, threadworm infections can cause disturbed sleep, irritability, and sometimes abdominal pain. The hallmark symptom of a threadworm infection is intense itching around the anus, primarily at night. Some rare symptoms include: Part of the reason threadworms are so common in Australia is because they live in both tropical and temperate climates. Without careful hygiene, the eggs can contaminate surfaces such as bedding, clothing, toys, food or hands. 📝 What are threadworms? Threadworms known by their scientific name Enterobius vermicularis are tiny worms inside the intestines. Roundworm — unlikely to be confused as adult roundworms, which may occasionally be passed in the stools, are much larger (up to 30cm) than threadworms. Threadworm in kids is much more common than threadworms in adults, but it can affect anyone and is spread very easily between children at school and other family members at home. Therefore, a cycle of threadworm infection can go on and on. What are the symptoms? Vermox Product Types. What are the symptoms of threadworms? Some people don’t get any symptoms at all when they catch threadworms (NICE 2023). Other symptoms can include: extreme itching around the anus or vagina, particularly at night; irritability and waking up during the night; Less common signs of worms include: weight loss; wetting the bed; irritated skin around the anus; A pharmacist can help with threadworms. All household members – i ncluding adults and even people without any symptoms – need to be treated with the worm medication at the same time. Sometimes you can see them in faeces (stools or motions) in the toilet. Let’s look deeper into what threadworms are, their causes, symptoms and how to treat them. It is common in young children. Treatment of threadworms only kills the adult worms and not their eggs, so it’s important to treat all family members. reduced appetite. Threadworm or pinworm is a parasitic worm which infests the human gut and transmission occurs by the faeco-oral If a child swallows – or possibly inhales – any threadworm eggs, they hatch and grow into adult worms in their intestines, becoming adult worms within a couple of months. Worms are a type of parasite that infects the digestive Aug 8, 2024 · Older adults with weakened immune systems are also at increased risk. Threadworms are usually acquired by ingesting (eating) the eggs. Many people do not have symptoms of threadworm but symptoms that may present include: 1. Threadworm symptoms usually have a sudden onset, often at night. [17] Jun 4, 2022 · Pinworm infection is the most common type of intestinal worm infection in the United States and one of the most common worldwide. see your family doctor if your child has ongoing symptoms of worms ; read below for ways to prevent threadworms from spreading or coming back ; What are threadworms? Worms are common in preschool and school-aged tamariki. You may also notice tiny white worms in your stool or around your Threadworms: Symptoms and treatment for pinworms in adults and children Threadworm, also known as pinworm, is a small parasite that commonly take their refuge to humans intestines. [ 1 ] Dec 21, 2023 · Threadworms (Enterobius vermicularis, also known as pinworms or seatworms) are the most common helminthic infection in the Western World. Find out how mebendazole treats threadworms, roundworms and other worm infections, and how to take it. Pinworm infection is the most common type of worm infection in the United States, and it occurs most often in children and people who live in group settings, like nursing homes. These organisms infect the gastrointestinal tract and feed on the host’s nutrients, causing discomfort and potential health risks. Eggs are highly resistant and can survive a few days or even weeks on objects. Some are caught from food. Threadworm infections are often asymptomatic. ejdhz aos tndpm cjycel dpwzo gikvnl hsj ghgwn lijwvt vskdlo